天然(ran)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)有(you)美麗花(hua)(hua)紋(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)色(se)(se)彩，美好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)不僅取(qu)決于(yu)(yu)荒料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi)，日常(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)養(yang)護(hu)工(gong)(gong)作也非常(chang)重要。優(you)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)紋(wen)(wen)色(se)(se)澤不含(han)
太多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雜色(se)(se)、布色(se)(se)均(jun)勻，沒有(you)忽(hu)淡忽(hu)濃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)，而質(zhi)量次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)經加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)后會有(you)很多無法彌蓋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“缺陷(xian)”，所以說，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)花(hua)(hua)紋(wen)(wen)色(se)(se)調(diao)是(shi)評價石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)質(zhi)量優(you)劣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要指(zhi)標。如加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)技術和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)不過關，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成品(pin)就會出現(xian)翹曲、凹陷(xian)、色(se)(se)斑、污(wu)點、缺棱掉角(jiao)、裂紋(wen)(wen)、色(se)(se)線、坑窩(wo)等現(xian)象，優(you)質(zhi)天然(ran)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)板(ban)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)切(qie)割邊整(zheng)齊無缺角(jiao)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)光潔、亮度高，用手摸沒有(you)粗糙(cao)感。同時(shi)，在(zai)選擇石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)時(shi)，除了要注意選擇石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顏色(se)(se)花(hua)(hua)紋(wen)(wen)、光澤度和(he)(he)外(wai)觀質(zhi)量等裝飾性(xing)(xing)(xing)能外(wai)，還應考慮(lv)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗壓強(qiang)(qiang)度、抗折(zhe)強(qiang)(qiang)度、耐久性(xing)(xing)(xing)、抗凍性(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐磨性(xing)(xing)(xing)、硬(ying)度等理(li)(li)化性(xing)(xing)(xing)能指(zhi)標。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)護(hu)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必要性(xing)(xing)(xing)，因為(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)天然(ran)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)微細(xi)孔，孔隙(xi)越小，毛細(xi)作用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)吸(xi)附作用越強(qiang)(qiang)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)很多病(bing)癥(zheng)都(dou)是(shi)“病(bing)從孔入”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。作為(wei)(wei)地面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)鋪裝后吸(xi)污(wu)納垢(gou)、造成病(bing)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“污(wu)染途徑”通常(chang)有(you)兩個(ge)(ge)：一(yi)個(ge)(ge)來自于(yu)(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)層，當(dang)咖啡、茶水(shui)、墨汁等有(you)色(se)(se)液體及細(xi)小塵埃、生(sheng)物腐(fu)蝕其肌(ji)體后很難清理(li)(li)。既(ji)然(ran)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)需要維護(hu)保養(yang)，一(yi)些(xie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)企業(ye)和(he)(he)消費者(zhe)會在(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上打蠟(la)加(jia)(jia)以保護(hu)，但(dan)當(dang)蠟(la)覆蓋在(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)后，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毛細(xi)孔就會被(bei)堵，二(er)次維護(hu)時(shi)，已存(cun)(cun)在(zai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蠟(la)就會成為(wei)(wei)防護(hu)滲入石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)障礙，這(zhe)時(shi)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)與地面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)泥或粘接劑(ji)就會因為(wei)(wei)潮濕或化學反應慢慢“侵入”石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肌(ji)體，造成石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)返堿(jian)和(he)(he)色(se)(se)斑等病(bing)變(bian)。這(zhe)種(zhong)方法不但(dan)無法根治(zhi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)變(bian)，還會使病(bing)癥(zheng)加(jia)(jia)重，這(zhe)也是(shi)產(chan)生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)病(bing)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另(ling)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“污(wu)染途徑”。
石材養護一般操作(zuo)流程
一、翻(fan)新結晶(jing)工程；二(er)、石材滲(shen)水及污(wu)染的(de)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)；三、水斑(ban)的(de)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)預防(fang)；四、白華的(de)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)；五、銹斑(ban)的(de)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)；六、污(wu)斑(ban)的(de)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)；七、蠟(la)垢的(de)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)；八、磨損處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)；九、吐黃（草繩黃）的(de)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)。
1、地層(ceng)干(gan)燥--本工序分兩種情況操作，①原有(you)石面(mian)接縫的(de)水(shui)漬，我們(men)采用遠紅外線燈加熱烘干(gan)。②其它平面(mian)的(de)濕氣，自然晾干(gan)。結果，水(shui)漬現象已徹底去除，既經(jing)濟又合理，客戶(hu)十(shi)分滿(man)意(yi)。
2、填(tian)補(bu)石(shi)縫(feng)--用填(tian)縫(feng)方法解決石(shi)縫(feng)滲透水(shui)是重(zhong)要的(de)(de)預防(fang)措施。必需重(zhong)視(shi)填(tian)縫(feng)工(gong)作。填(tian)縫(feng)材料(liao)應(ying)粘接(jie)性好，無粉粒，防(fang)水(shui)，可研磨拋光的(de)(de)，我們選用德國超級云石(shi)裂痕(hen)補(bu)劑，按(an)照工(gong)藝進(jin)行了填(tian)隙填(tian)補(bu)（填(tian)補(bu)面同石(shi)材平面取平，填(tian)縫(feng)應(ying)均勻，防(fang)止遺(yi)漏。）并經過兩小時(shi)以上的(de)(de)干燥固化。
3、整平(ping)(ping)研(yan)磨拋(pao)光(guang)--鑒于石(shi)面(mian)以前做過防水，造成(cheng)石(shi)材變(bian)(bian)色，我(wo)們并沒(mei)有直(zhi)接(jie)采(cai)用(yong)整平(ping)(ping)研(yan)磨的(de)方(fang)(fang)法，而是(shi)先用(yong)O#鋼絲(si)棉，配(pei)專用(yong)設備進行研(yan)磨擦打、磨去了(le)石(shi)材表面(mian)的(de)變(bian)(bian)色層(ceng)，顯露出大(da)花(hua)白(bai)的(de)原有底(di)色。很幸運，由于防護劑滲入石(shi)面(mian)的(de)程度很輕，我(wo)們僅用(yong)用(yong)上述方(fang)(fang)案就收到了(le)良好(hao)的(de)效果(guo)，使我(wo)們擔心(xin)的(de)變(bian)(bian)色問題得到了(le)治(zhi)理。第二套方(fang)(fang)案即(ji)用(yong)大(da)理石(shi)鉆石(shi)磨片(pian)、水磨片(pian)、逐(zhu)級打磨拋(pao)光(guang)，備而未(wei)用(yong)。
4、銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)黃處理--根據整體方案，先對(dui)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)斑嚴重的地方，用(yong)鋼絲棉(mian)打(da)磨，去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)表(biao)面浮銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)，然(ran)后用(yong)專用(yong)大理石除(chu)(chu)(chu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)劑(ji)進行(xing)除(chu)(chu)(chu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。除(chu)(chu)(chu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)工藝如下：清潔表(biao)面干燥濕(shi)潤銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)面貼白紙巾(jin)加除(chu)(chu)(chu)銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)劑(ji)罩塑料薄膜密封(feng)敷(fu)面時效處理3小(xiao)時再用(yong)中性清潔劑(ji)清洗(xi)后再用(yong)清水洗(xi)晾干（一(yi)次(ci)性不能除(chu)(chu)(chu)凈(jing)的銹(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)跡(ji)可重新處理）
5、防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、防(fang)(fang)護(hu)--客(ke)戶為(wei)了避免(mian)大理石今(jin)后再出現水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)漬、泛銹，和遭受其它污(wu)染，是以我們(men)的(de)方案，對(dui)(dui)研磨(mo)后地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)施加防(fang)(fang)護(hu)，我們(men)吸取了原防(fang)(fang)護(hu)變色(se)的(de)教訓，選用(yong)幾種較好(hao)的(de)防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑，取同樣(yang)的(de)石材做(zuo)了實驗，一方面(mian)(mian)(mian)檢(jian)查防(fang)(fang)護(hu)效果，另一方面(mian)(mian)(mian)檢(jian)查是否(fou)改變石材顏色(se)，并根據吸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)率確定工(gong)藝用(yong)量(liang)。做(zuo)好(hao)了上(shang)述準備后，我們(men)才大面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)對(dui)(dui)地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)進行了防(fang)(fang)護(hu)處理。防(fang)(fang)護(hu)處理我們(men)主要抓好(hao)以下工(gong)藝：①清(qing)潔石面(mian)(mian)(mian)。②充分干燥(zao)。③均勻涂刷(shua)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)劑，潤透(tou)石面(mian)(mian)(mian)，不(bu)得(de)漏刷(shua)，不(bu)能過多，防(fang)(fang)止積(ji)聚，前者影響防(fang)(fang)護(hu)效果，后者影響美觀并加大清(qing)理難度。④自(zi)然條件下，通風干燥(zao)24小(xiao)時以上(shang)。
6、水晶處(chu)理：經過(guo)以(yi)上工(gong)藝之后，就(jiu)可以(yi)進行水晶處(chu)理了，我們(men)用的(de)是西(xi)班牙水晶加硬劑(ji)，加光劑(ji)按照其(qi)使(shi)(shi)用工(gong)藝說明，通過(guo)設(she)備加壓，低速打磨，使(shi)(shi)劑(ji)品產生(sheng)熱化反應，使(shi)(shi)地面形(xing)成(cheng)防滑的(de)堅硬鏡面。
石材的維護與保養：
一(yi)般(ban)來(lai)說，已經做過防護(hu)處(chu)理(li)的石(shi)(shi)材(cai)，維護(hu)與(yu)保養(yang)可分為：⑴每日(ri)日(ri)常石(shi)(shi)材(cai)養(yang)護(hu)：吸塵器吸過，再用(yong)(yong)(yong)抹布或(huo)拖把蘸清(qing)水擦拭即可，在有污垢(gou)的地方，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)抹布或(huo)拖把配合(he)清(qing)洗(xi)劑(ji)的稀(xi)釋液擦拭。⑵月間維護(hu)：每兩周到(dao)一(yi)月做一(yi)次，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)抹布或(huo)拖把配合(he)石(shi)(shi)材(cai)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)清(qing)洗(xi)劑(ji)擦拭。（注意：這時(shi)請(qing)勿使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)般(ban)市售的清(qing)潔劑(ji)清(qing)洗(xi)）⑶年間維護(hu)：每半年到(dao)一(yi)年做一(yi)次，用(yong)(yong)(yong)清(qing)洗(xi)劑(ji)清(qing)除各種(zhong)污垢(gou)，對拋光(guang)面石(shi)(shi)材(cai)（特別是(shi)大理(li)石(shi)(shi)）可用(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)材(cai)保護(hu)劑(ji)或(huo)大理(li)石(shi)(shi)拋光(guang)劑(ji)結合(he)機器進(jin)行(xing)處(chu)理(li)。（注意：這時(shi)請(qing)參(can)考(kao)清(qing)洗(xi)及防護(hu)處(chu)理(li)相關說明(ming)） 總(zong)括而言，石(shi)(shi)材(cai)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)非常高貴的天然建(jian)材(cai)，養(yang)護(hu)的方法(fa)也比較特別，光(guang)是(shi)清(qing)洗(xi)就必(bi)須(xu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)材(cai)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)清(qing)洗(xi)劑(ji)，普通的清(qing)洗(xi)劑(ji)不(bu)但無法(fa)達到(dao)效果，還會將一(yi)部分的氟化物留在石(shi)(shi)材(cai)內(nei)，因而傷(shang)害了石(shi)(shi)材(cai)，所以建(jian)議消費者(zhe)：在保養(yang)石(shi)(shi)材(cai)請(qing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)清(qing)洗(xi)劑(ji)。
說明(ming)：清洗(xi)(xi)石(shi)材請選用(yong)(yong)適合該種(zhong)石(shi)材的專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)的清洗(xi)(xi)劑，避免(mian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)含有大量氟(fu)化(hua)物的清洗(xi)(xi)劑或有強酸腐蝕性的清洗(xi)(xi)劑，否則會傷害(hai)石(shi)材，加速石(shi)材的老(lao)化(hua)或使(shi)其失去光澤。以下是數(shu)種(zhong)避免(mian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的化(hua)學(xue)藥(yao)劑，供您(nin)參考(kao)：氟(fu)酸、酸性氟(fu)化(hua)尿素、草酸、磷酸、工業用(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)氧(yang)水(shui)、硫(liu)酸、鹽(yan)酸。
石材養護